Due to the better bioavailability by gastroretention, more successful therapy and faster remission can be achieved for some diseases and infections. One of the most important challenges today is antibiotic resistance and protection against various viruses such as COVID-19. The bioavailability of active ingredients that have an absorption window on the upper part of the GI can be enhanced by formulating gastroretentive dosage forms. Several drugs have poor oral bioavailability due to low or incomplete absorption in the GI. The pH varies in different parts of the digestive tract, and motility depends on meals, as well as enzyme activity. The physiological variability of the gastrointestinal tract (GI) creates serious challenges for the development of oral drug delivery system formulations. They have various advantages, such as good compliance and low costs for storage and transport, and various forms can be manufactured. Oral drug delivery systems are the most common dosage forms.

According to our experiments, a stable foam could be produced by rapid homogenization (less than 1 min) without any surfactant material.

The prolonged drug release and mucoadhesive properties were proved in a pH 1.2 buffer. The density of the molded solid foam was studied by the pycnometer method, and its structure was investigated by SEM and micro-CT. This matrix was melted at 54 ☌ in order to produce a dispersion of active substance and was foamed by different gases at atmospheric pressure using an ultrasonic homogenizer. Matrix components, PEG 4000 and stearic acid type 50, were selected with the criteria of low gastric irritation, a melting range below 70 ☌, and well-known use in oral drug formulations. Our aim was to produce a stable floating formula by foaming. Low-density floating formulations can also increase the gastric residence time of drugs therefore, drug release will be sustained. These special dosage forms can result in increased bioavailability of drugs. Although foams are promising dosage forms in the pharmaceutical industry, their usage is not prevalent due to decreased stability of the solid foam structure. Solid foams are not only used in the aerospace field but also in everyday life. In recent years, the application of solid foams has become widespread.

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